查找算法

二分查找

基本二分查找

public int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;

    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;

        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            return mid;
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else {
            right = mid - 1;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

查找第一个等于目标值的位置

public int searchFirst(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    int result = -1;

    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;

        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            result = mid;
            right = mid - 1;  // 继续向左查找
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else {
            right = mid - 1;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

查找最后一个等于目标值的位置

public int searchLast(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    int result = -1;

    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;

        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            result = mid;
            left = mid + 1;  // 继续向右查找
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else {
            right = mid - 1;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

LeetCode题目

搜索插入位置（LeetCode 35）

public int searchInsert(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;

    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;

        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            return mid;
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else {
            right = mid - 1;
        }
    }
    return left;
}

在排序数组中查找元素的第一个和最后一个位置（LeetCode 34）

public int[] searchRange(int[] nums, int target) {
    int first = searchFirst(nums, target);
    int last = searchLast(nums, target);
    return new int[]{first, last};
}

搜索旋转排序数组（LeetCode 33）

public int search(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;

    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;

        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            return mid;
        }

        if (nums[left] <= nums[mid]) {
            if (nums[left] <= target && target < nums[mid]) {
                right = mid - 1;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        } else {
            if (nums[mid] < target && target <= nums[right]) {
                left = mid + 1;
            } else {
                right = mid - 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

寻找峰值（LeetCode 162）

public int findPeakElement(int[] nums) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;

    while (left < right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;

        if (nums[mid] > nums[mid + 1]) {
            right = mid;
        } else {
            left = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    return left;
}

练习题

1. x的平方根（LeetCode 69）
2. 寻找两个正序数组的中位数（LeetCode 4）
3. 寻找旋转排序数组中的最小值（LeetCode 153）